This thesis focuses on radiation fogs occuring in basins in the Carpathian region. A simple algorithm was proposed for detecting fog, based on data obtained from an optical particle counter OPC-N3. Results of studies conducted in the Radiative Transfer Research Station in Strzyżów were analysed. A statistical analysis was done for the occurrence of radiation fogs in the examined region. Monthly statistics were done for selected physical parameters. Interactions between atmospheric aerosol and fog droplets are not fully understood. Relations between the occurrence of aerosol and microphysical properties of fog and between the occurrence of inversion and microphysical properties of fog were examined. For the examined parameters, slight but statistically significant correlations were found, but they do not unequivocally determine the relationship between aerosol and fog microphysical properties. The influence of fog on atmospheric aerosol particles was studied. Results show that in the examined region aerosol particles were scavenged from the air by fog droplets.