This study analyzed tropospheric NO₂ levels in Poland from 2010 to 2020, focusing on major cities and the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020. During the lockdown, notable pollution sources were identified in Katowice, Warszawa, and Bełchatów. While NO₂ pollution decreased during the lockdown, this reduction was consistent with typical monthly and annual variations. Kraków exhibited the highest reduction in March 2020, while Gdańsk, Wrocław, and Warszawa also showed decreases throughout the lockdown. Meteorological conditions affected NO₂ dispersion, but anthropogenic emissions remained the primary driver of NO₂ concentrations. Ultimately, the study found that COVID-19 restrictions had a negligible impact on NO₂ pollution in Poland, confirming the importance of reduced traffic in urban pollution reduction.