This study focuses on establishing a normative database for selected corneal parameters in individuals with myopia and on characterizing keratometry (Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), and corneal eccentricity (e) values within this group. In the first part of the thesis, based on an extensive literature review, the anatomy and functions of the cornea, the issue of myopia, and the role of basic corneal parameters in diagnostics and planning of refractive procedures were discussed. Particular attention was given to existing studies analyzing the relationships between refractive error and corneal structure, including differences among emmetropic, hyperopic, and myopic individuals, as well as the interrelations among the corneal parameters themselves.
In the second part of the study, data collected from 48 myopic individuals were analyzed. The participants were divided into three groups according to the degree of myopia. For each eye, mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, and corneal eccentricity were determined. Tests for normality, the Kruskal–Wallis test for intergroup comparisons, and correlation analyses were performed. Additionally, the corneal thickness profile from the center towards the periphery and its relation to the degree of myopia were examined.
The mean values for the entire cohort were as follows: 43.42±1.43 D (Km), 544.2±30.5 µm (CCT), and 0.621± 0.077 (e), which are consistent with established population norms. No statistically significant correlations or differences between groups were found for any of the assessed parameters, although certain tendencies were observed, including an increase in CCT and a decrease in e with higher SE, as well as a decrease in CCT with increasing Km. In the analysis of the pachymetric profile, a significant difference was found between the low and moderate myopia groups.
The findings indicate that in myopic individuals, corneal parameters remain relatively stable regardless of the degree of refractive error. The obtained values may serve as reference data in ophthalmic diagnostics and qualification for refractive surgery. However, this study highlights the need for further research involving larger patient groups and additional parameters.