This thesis is concerned with the relationship between impaired glucose metabolism and changes affecting the anterior segment of the eyeball. The first part focuses on the diabetic eye and the ophthalmic risks and conditions it entails. Of all the potential conditions associated with metabolic disorders in the human body, the anterior segment of the eyeball and its structures received particular attention, as presented in many of the scientific publications used for this thesis. Own conclusions were drawn and results were compared from independently collected clinical data from a modern Ophthalmology Centre, intentionally selecting a broader study group, without restriction as to the glucose metabolism disorders possessed. In addition, respondents were checked for their subjective feelings about dry eye symptoms through the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The thesis was also enriched with results from patients with metabolic disorders. The final section of the thesis deals with the prevention and treatment of conditions associated with metabolic disorders.