This Bachelor's thesis describes the various vision exercises and examine how they affect certain disorders of binocular vision. The development of binocular vision is thoroughly characterized as well as its governing principles. Special attention is placed on the anomalies of binocular vision - amblyopia and tropia. Preschool children so at the age of three to six years are examined. Therefore, this work also comprises the stage of evolution of the physical, mental, cognitive and motor at this age. The most important part of the work is the analysis of vision exercise - their principles and efficiency.