Eye examination methods with the slit lamp are presented in the thesis. The first part of the thesis describes optical phenomena used in the slit lamp (absorption, scattering, reflection and refraction of light), optical instruments (magnifying glass, microscope, Galileo Galilei's telescope), cardinal points of optical system, structure of anterior segment of the eye, construction of standard slit lamp (types of observation and illumination systems, mechanical system) and additional equipment. The second part of the thesis presents types of illumination used in eye examination with the slit lamp. Schemes of illumination and observation system arrangement and photographs of microscope's image made by author are added. Examples of diseases observed with various types of illumination are presented.