Despite the intensive research on polymer-based organic solar cells, their efficiency still remains low compared to the preceding generations cells. In this thesis, due to created theoretical model, thickness optimizations of particular layers of polymer solar cell were performed in order to improve efficiency. The model enabled us to predict the shape of an absorption spectrum in dependence on cell architecture. Moreover, the impact of silver and aluminum nanoparticles inclusion in dependence on filling factor in particular layers was simulated. Then, the cells were created in laboratory. Nanoparticles were produced by a low-temperature melting of thin layers and included into whole cell. Optical measurements let us compare light absorption of cells with nanoparticle inclusions and without the inclusion. The amplification of absorption of produced cells was compared to theoretical model predictions.